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PTSD is an extension of our bodies normal learning process that goes astray a bit. Normally when we hurt ourselves or see others get hurt we learn from that. Its how we learn to walk, climb, fight etc. We learn that doing certain things is not good for us. But the memory of this is usually subconcious, we don't remember all the times we fell off our bikes when we were kids but subconciously we do remember what led to that. So with PTSD flashbacks and anxiety attacks can be triggered by something that reminds us of the event, such as a smell or sound.
Some of the symptoms such as sleep problems, anxiety attacks, depression etc. can be treated by acupuncture, it has a lot less side affects than pills and is very effective. Also using acupressure can give the person some control over their own symptoms which can help them recover. There's also a chinese massage technique called Chi ni tsang which is highly effective. Its a bit complicated to explain how it works, but is does. So its worth a try.
Counselling can work but it doesn't work for everyone, going over the trauma again and again can just make it worse if you're not getting anywhere and many counsellors are not equipped to deal with soldiers and other professionals (firefighters etc) that deal with a lot of trauma as part of their everyday lives but are affected by certain specific incidents.
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